-employment urine drug tests before allowing drivers to operate a commer- cial motor vehicle. Unfortunately, urine testing has a short … detection window and is easily thwarted, leading some carriers to employ hair testing. Methods: t-tests were utilized to compare … and urine testing positivity rates. Results support hair testing's increased ability to prevent lifestyle drug users from …

This paper provides an overview of stress-testing methodologies in Europe, with a focus on the advancements made by the … European Central Bank's Financial Stability Committee Working Group on Stress Testing (WGST). Over a four-year period, the WGST … played a pivotal role in refining stress-testing practices, promoting collaboration among central banks and supervisory …

received much attention in the econometrics literature. We study test performance in the context of specification testing for …