resources. This paper presents a new approach to quantify residential demand responsiveness to (time-of-use) TOU rates, which … TOU pricing when the TOU rate design only causes a 10% increase in their existing electricity bills under non-TOU rates … on these findings, we conclude that suitably designed TOU rates are useful to the efficient operation of a smart grid. …

at which electricity is used. Estimates of the effects of TOU rates on business customers in the U.S. and Israel … demonstrate that most firms do not appear to respond at all to newly introduced TOU rates, but those that do respond make … that it predicts their actual responses to TOU rates quite well. …