A 3D (three-dimensional) model of VRB (vanadium redox flow battery) with interdigitated flow channel design is proposed. Two different stack inlet designs, single-inlet and multi-inlet, are structured in the model to study the distributions of fluid pressure, electric potential, current density...

In this investigation, the energy and exergy analyses are carried out for a Lister 8.1 IDI (indirect injection) diesel engine at four different EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) mass fractions (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) and at 50% load operation. The energy analysis is performed during a closed cycle...

Tile drainage systems are sometimes not sufficient to provide favorable unsaturated conditions in the rootzone. These drainage systems then need to be supplemented with an additional high conductivity material in the trenches above the tiles or by implementing mole drainage. The HYDRUS (2D/3D)...

An Oracle® relational database was integrated with a data management system including custom-made user interface, surface modeling, and three-dimensional (3D) modeling tools to produce an easily updatable 3D hydrogeologic model of the Virttaankangas aquifer, southwestern Finland. The area will...

The study employs three-dimensional computer modeling for visualizing the solar access and shading in the traditional housing cluster of Sana'a historical city. It investigates the geometrical relationships among the building form and the sun location, and motion, in the critical times of the...