In a company, of course, it has various subsidiaries, either one subsidiary or several subsidiaries. Moreover, various companies and even their own subsidiaries will present consolidated financial statements. This type of financial report itself is often used to compile the financial statements...

This study aims to understand the heterogeneity of corporate social responsibility (CSR) approaches across subsidiaries of the same multinational corporations (MNCs) and determine the co-evolutionary dynamics that enhance the global cohesiveness of MNCs' CSR strategies and performance. The study...