This paper considers the influence of uncertainty with respect to GDP and population total and age structure on long-run environmental impact projections. A simple model, based on the stochastic version of the IPAT equation, is used to generate projections of two environmental impacts for which...

Transport is one sector of the European economy in which CO<SUB align="right"><SMALL>2</SMALL></SUB> emissions are still growing, both because transport demand as a whole is growing and because the most carbon intensive modes – air and road transport – are growing fastest. The experience of Britain in the last decade shows that...</small></sub>