In their daily reserving tasks, general insurance actuaries often use a mix of chain-ladder, Bornhuetter-Ferguson and Cape-Cod methods to estimate the ultimate reserve amounts. These methods are usually applied on cumulative triangles and a payment or incurred pattern is derived from the...

In this paper, intended as a chapter for a study book, attention is given to the notion of harmonisation, its operation in the area of private law and the extent to which harmonisation of private law rules contributes to the development of the internal market