We study the returns to experience in teaching, estimated using supervisor ratings from classroom observations. We describe the assumptions required to interpret changes in observation ratings over time as the causal effect of experience on performance. We compare two difference-in-differences...

"This is the story of the Industrial Savings Bank founded in 1913 by John Whitelaw Lewis and William Augus Bowie. It is also the story of how the Whitelaw Hotel was created to serve the needs of Black Americans during the era of a segregated Washington, DC. John Whitelaw Lewis emerged from the...