Each year, the average age of new smokers decreases in Indonesia, and at least one student in the classroom is a smoker. However, previous literature on adolescent smoking that focused on emotion and peer relationship remains largely underexplored. This study aimed to examine the effects of the...

Context: Adolescence is the training ground for adult life. In a relatively short period, the adolescent will undergo a metamorphosis. During the high school years, the majority of adolescents move from persistent dependence to true independence, from logical thinking to abstract, complex and...

We evaluate the impact of a role model intervention on the gender attitudes, college aspirations and education outcomes of youths in Somalia. In 2018, we randomly selected elementary schools to receive a visit from a college student. Within each treatment school, we selected four grades, two to...