We suggest a joint optimization model for a firm’s hedging and leverage decisions that helps to establish an integrated framework for value creation. Rather than artificially separating the two interrelated parts of the firm’s financial policy, we treat both corporate decision variables as...

It is often argued that managers representing shareholders' interests tend to undertake risky projects because equity resembles a call option on a firm's assets. However, this conclusion is not generally true when bankruptcy risk is explicitly modelled. This paper compares the relative strength...

In this paper, I provide an empirical work in order to test the tax‐adjusted market valuation (residual income) model. Feltham‐Ohlson's (1995) residual income model can be extended by adding corporate tax: firm market value is a function of the bottom line after‐tax accounting data, e.g.,...