Conservation of biodiversity at the field, farm and landscape levels is one of the agroecological principles. In Europe low-intensity farming practices which promote farmland biodiversity are financially supported by different agri-environment measures as part of the rural development policy...

Green infrastructure has emerged as an opportunity to balance sociocultural and ecological benefits, alongside the potential for biodiversity conservation in cities. However, key design challenges that remain unsolved including 1) how to effectively balance biodiversity conservation and...