(commercial liberalism) and the internal freedom of an economy (capitalist peace) pacify interstate as well as intrastate …. Commercial liberalism has, on a theoretical level, not yet moved much beyond the opportunity cost arguments that enlightenment …

1990 to 2000. They embed a rational expectation framework within commercial liberalism, a theoretical strand that tries to … these results lend some support to the rational expectations version of commercial liberalism. …

suggest how the puzzling case of World War I may confirm, rather than contradict, the central claims of commercial liberalism. …