certification improves student outcomes. In fact, augmenting a school's teaching corps with contract teachers hired outside the …

certification improves student outcomes. In fact, augmenting a school's teaching corps with contract teachers hired outside the …

While use of contract teachers provides a low-cost way to increase teacher numbers, it raises the quality concern that … and contract teachers.  We find that despite being paid just a third of the salary of regular teachers with similar … observed characteristics, contract teachers produce higher student learning. …

While use of contract teachers provides a low-cost way to increase teacher numbers, it raises the quality concern that … contract teachers. We find that despite being paid just a third of the salary of regular teachers with similar observed … characteristics, contract teachers produce higher student learning. …

by locally-hired contract teachers. One reason may be that contract teachers had low absence rates, while centrally …-hired civil-service teachers in schools randomly assigned contract teachers endogenously reduced their effort. Civil … contract teachers obtained civil service jobs over time, and we estimate large potential dynamic benefits from supplementing a …