In the field of economics and regional research, income convergence between countries and regions has been analysed … since the 1980s. At the beginning of the 21st century, a number of articles addressing income convergence of European Union … and 2007. The inspiration for this study was the variety of conclusions about convergence in various groups of EU regions …

growth and convergence in times of low growth. …

The World Bank (WB) has described the European Union (EU) as a convergence machine, and the real and institutional … convergence has been achieved for a long period of time, and EU’s cohesion policy, alongside the Recovery and Resilience Facility … convergence machine has stopped working, and the convergence process has turned in the divergence. The divergence process poses a …

We investigate the hypothesis of regional convergence in the per-capita GDP in 242 European regions (NUTS2) during the … 2000-2021 period. The literature shows mixed results, from absolute convergence towards a joint long-run distribution to … multiple regimes (convergence club). Our results show a broad convergence to an unimodal distribution. Although the GDP …

. This paper uses the club convergence method developed by Phillips and Sul (2007, 2009) to analyse convergence in terms of … suggest the existence of two convergence clubs in terms of size of government. In both groups, the government spending has …. Likewise, there are three different convergence clubs in terms of GDP per capita. The analysis of economic convergence and the …