The paper enquires into the long-term effect of development finance institutions (DFI) on the environmental, social and governance (ESG) policies of companies in which they have invested. It does this through a review of secondary data on the ESG policies of ten companies operating in Africa and...

We empirically re-examine the finance-economic growth nexus within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic using a financial intermediation model build upon the McKinnonShaw financial repression theory. The study findings show that there is a vicious circle of finance and economic growth which is...

Sustainable Development is development of economy without the depletion of natural resources. So, it is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development is the need of hour to protect our...