One of the key questions in the study of regulation is whether the costs of regulatory compliance fall homogeneously on all businesses or whether certain firms, for instance small ones, are especially penalized. We quantify firms' compliance costs in terms of their labor spending to adhere to...

The incorporation of increasing returns and imperfect competition into applied general-equilibrium (AGE) models, beginning with Harris (1984), led to much larger welfare effects from changes such as trade liberalization. But the imperfect competition side of these IO developments has often...

We measure the importance of increasing returns to scale and trade in medical services. Using Medicare claims data, we document that “imported” medical care—services produced by a medical provider in a different region—constitute about one-fifth of US healthcare consumption. Larger...

This paper estimates returns to scale for manufacturing industries around the turn of the twentieth century in the United States by exploiting an industry-city panel data for the years 1880-1930. We estimate decreasing returns to scale on average over the period, contrary to most of the existing...

The importance of Digital Self-Efficacy is likely to increase in the future as digital technologies become increasingly ubiquitous. To succeed in today's digital world, it is essential for people to have a strong belief in their ability to use digital technologies effectively, and for...

The paper solves the optimal sampling problem of a decision-maker that wants to predict a target variable. We prove the existence of complementarities between the sample size and the number of explanatory variables in a data set. We show that the optimal dimensions of the data set reflect the...