The attainment of self-reliance (zi li geng sheng) is an important goal for China. However, approaches to achieving it have altered greatly since the People’s Republic was established in 1949. Following the split between China and the Soviet Union in 1960, Mao Zedong claimed that China could...

The paper analyzes the mains problems of a consistently-functioning state. Economic stagnation and abnormally high dependence on the global economy, reducing level of habitation in geopolitically important areas of a country, historic settlement system crisis, distortion of the structure and...