Asymptotic expansions of the distributions of parameter estimators in mean and covariance structures are derived. The parameters may be common to, or specific in means and covariances of observable variables. The means are possibly structured by the common/specific parameters. First, the...

It is well known that a one-step scoring estimator that starts from any N^{1/2}-consistent estimator has the same first-order asymptotic efficiency as the maximum likelihood estimator. This paper extends this result to k-step estimators and test statistics for k = 1, higher-order asymptotic...

There is an emerging consensus in empirical finance that realized volatility series typically display long range dependence with a memory parameter (d) around 0.4 (Andersen et al., 2001; Martens et al., 2004). The present article provides some illustrative analysis of how long memory may arise from...

We study European options on the ratio of the stock price to its average and vice versa. Some of these options have been traded in the Australian Stock Exchange since 1992, thus we call them Australian options. For geometric averages, we obtain closed-form expressions for option prices. For...