Rural elderly have 40% of the income of those in urban areas, spend a larger share of their income on food, are in worse health, work later into their lives, and depend more on their children, lacking pensions and public services. The birth quota since 1980 has particularly restricted the...

Rural elderly have 40% of the income of those in urban areas, spend a larger share of their income on food, are in worse health, work later into their lives, and depend more on their children, lacking pensions and public services. The birth quota since 1980 has particularly restricted the...

Rural elderly have 40% of the income of those in urban areas, spend a larger share of their income on food, are in worse health, work later into their lives, and depend more on their children, lacking pensions and public services. The birth quota since 1980 has particularly restricted the...

This paper evaluates the benefits of the health card subsidy, issued by the Indonesian government after the financial crisis in 1997, on elderly health care demand. The health card subsidy provides free access to health services, and was accepted at any available health center or puskesmas....

Poverty is one of the most distinctive features of old age in Britain. At least half the population aged over 65 live in, or on the margins of, poverty. Old age is also characterized by a decrease in functional capacity and an increase in use of statutory social and health services. However the...