ability to influence law enforcement. Our econometric results, for about 950 firms in five transition economies, provide …

We propose enforcement strategies for emissions trading programs with bankable emissions permits that guarantee … complete compliance with minimal enforcement costs. Our strategies emphasize imperfect monitoring supported by a high unit … different from several existing enforcement strategies that emphasize high unit penalties for emissions in excess of permit …

We consider a model of optimal law enforcement where sanctions can be reduced for self-reporting individuals. We …

enforcement instrument by environmental inspection agencies. In cases of uncertainty with respect to the measured emissions due to …

This paper sets out how the FSA intends to use enforcement tools to support its financial crime strategy and reduce the … risk that regulated firms are used to further money laundering. It reiterates that public enforcement action is only one of …

comparative advantage. To test for this, I construct measures of the efficiency of contract enforcement across countries and the … importance of relationship-specific investments across industries. I find that countries with better contract enforcement …

is the weak enforcement of international contracts. We develop a model in which agents build reputations to overcome this … programs. Moreover, while stricter enforcement of contracts enhances trade in the short run, it makes it harder for individual … sufficiently low initial levels of contract enforcement, a small tightening in enforcement reduces future trade flows. We find also …