heavy reliance on transfers to finance public services. The government's embrace of inclusiveness and equalization as … national goals has raised questions about whether transfers can deliver equalization. This paper seeks to answer this question … exert greater equalization efforts, but these are not necessarily proportional to their pretransfer inequality. As a result …

-in fiscal equalization scheme that redistributes money from richer to poorer regions. Both aspects are central to policy makers …: the progressivity for equity reasons and the fiscal equalization to prevent an underprovision of the publicly provided … determined tax rates causes strong segregating forces that can only to some extent be compensated by the fiscal equalization …

A school finance equalization program established in Mississippi in 1920 failed to help many of the state's Black … capita fund, and the resulting high expenditures on white students rendered these districts ineligible for the equalization …. We model the processes that led the so-called equalization policy to create disparities in schooling resources for Black …