Дана методика решения задачи оптимизации развития системообразующей электрической сети электроэнергетической системы. Представлен состав соответствующего...

This paper investigates the relationship between the growth of road networks and regional development. We test for mutual causality between the growth of road networks (which are divided functionally into local roads and highways) and changes in county-level population and employment. We employ...

With national targets to reduce carbon emissions enforced by international accords, the UK's energy sector will move towards its low carbon future through political, societal and technological drivers. Three Transition Pathway narratives have been developed to describe three different evolutions...

The choice between centralized and decentralized electricity generation is examined for 150 countries as a function of population distribution, electricity consumption, transmission cost, and the cost difference between decentralized and centralized electricity generation. A network algorithm is...

Transmission investments are currently needed to meet an increasing electricity demand while enhancing security of supply, promoting competition, and integrating renewable energy. A key issue when assessing the benefits from an expanded grid concerns the valuation of the uncertain cash flows...

With the interstate system substantially complete, the majority of new investment in highways is likely to take the form of selective capacity expansion projects in urban areas, along with incremental expansions and upgrades to expressway or freeway standards of existing intercity highway...