In the 75th year of its independence from colonial rule, India confronts grave challenges to its economic and social development and to its democracy. Civil society in India has led the achievement of development goals and civil and political rights since the Gandhian movement of the early 20th...

Activists denouncing firms for what they consider unethical conduct (e.g., poor treatment of labor or practices that are harmful to the environment) often pressure firms through consumer boycotts. This paper presents a model of international trade with heterogeneous firms and endogenous...

This paper presents a property rights model of the international organization of production, where heterogeneous headquarter firms source from suppliers in the Global South. Due to weak regulatory stringency in the Global South, suppliers can employ a cost-saving technology. Consumers, however,...

Environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) play a significant role in contemporary governance. They act as bottom-up advocates while discussing sustainability and environmental issues. They try to engage different stakeholders and society members for common actions. Communication is...

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) can contribute to the success of international courts by bringing important cases to these courts, publicizing their judgments, and monitoring the enforcement of their judgments. However, NGOs serve their own strategic interests, which do not necessarily...