to public banks in the kingdom of naples (15th – 17th c.) -- Chapter 9. Tracing the connections of transnational … financial institutions during the Ottoman era, particularly in the context of the emergence of large public banks. The …

-sized firms (SME) and the role of local public banks in local public finance. Local public banks dominate lending to small and … government debt at all-time lows, local public banks tried to break even, using their market power in geographically segmented … governments which increasingly borrowed from local public banks. We estimate that our mechanism lowered aggregate private …

number of unbanked individuals. This paper aims to investigate the profitability issue with a focus on public banks. Using a … that public banks are not low performers, nor can private banks be considered high performers Finally, we show that the … necessarily less profitable than others. Further, outcomes favour the ideas that if public banks are able to clean-up their non …