Ende November 2020 wurde eine Reform des Europäischen Stabilitätsmechanismus beschlossen, die nicht unterschätzt werden sollte. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Einführung einer staatlichen Letztabsicherung für den europäischen Bankenrettungsfonds ab 2022. Doch auch weitere Änderungen sind...

In 2012, 22 EU countries signed the Fiscal Compact, an intergovernmental agreement aimed at backing EU fiscal rules with national arrangements. The main objective of the Compact was to strengthen compliance. Based on a survey of national independent fiscal institutions, we take a closer look at...

Debt levels in the eurozone have reached new record highs. The member countries have tried to cushion the economic consequences of the corona pandemic with a massive increase in government spending. End of 2021 public debt in relation to GDP will approach 100% on average. There are various calls...

The so-called Troika, consisting of the EU-Commission, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), was supposed to support the member states of the euro area which had been hit hard by a sovereign debt crisis. For that purpose, economic adjustment programs were...