In this paper, we theoretically investigate the role of technology level in Global Value Chain (GVC) formation from two … respect to their technology level and labor force. In GVC, there are a number of intermediate production stages with different … technology thresholds. A country can produce at a stage if its technology level is higher than the stage's threshold. The unit …

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the role of technology level in Global Value Chain (GVC) formation from two … respect to their technology level and labor force. In GVC, there are a number of intermediate production stages with different … technology thresholds. A country can produce at a stage if its technology level is higher than the stage's threshold. The unit …

patent synthetic indicators, paper synthetic indicators, and composite technology level evaluation of patent and paper …, and Korea). We also conduct an empirical study to validate the technology level evaluation measures. This research will … offer more objective technology level evaluation than a subjective expert or peer surveys. …

patent synthetic indicators, paper synthetic indicators, and composite technology level evaluation of patent and paper …, and Korea). We also conduct an empirical study to validate the technology level evaluation measures. This research will … offer more objective technology level evaluation than a subjective expert or peer surveys. …