In the context of intensifying climate challenges, adept energy risk management is more pertinent than ever. This research pioneers an in-depth exploration into China's pronounced reliance on high-polluting fossil fuels, utilising a decade's worth of provincial data (2010-2020) to shed light on...

This study aims to show that concerted action by the state and civil society can lead to an effective output of informality sphere by official or legal sphere. Such an action is represented by the vector concept named economic freedom. The resultant vector - economic freedom - is obtained by...

Both social economy and informal economy define complex economic phenomena, multifaceted, which generated multiple platform debate and analysis among economists, sociologists and lawyers. Perspectives on these concepts are the most diverse and present work attempts to link these views to find...

We examine existing results on the effect of speed of liberalization on growth during transition. We highlight methodological problems in existing studies, noting the existence of simultaneity and the use of variables that are not valid measures of the phenomena they supposedly represent. We...