Abstract Recent interest in the external validity of prediction models (i.e., the problem of different train and test distributions, known as dataset shift ) has produced many methods for finding predictive distributions that are invariant to dataset shifts and can be used for prediction in new,...

Abstract Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often considered the gold standard for estimating causal effect, but they may lack external validity when the population eligible to the RCT is substantially different from the target population. Having at hand a sample of the target population of...