As a part of a two-volume series, this report provides a strategic assessment of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Germany in the context of escalating geopolitical threats in the Baltic Sea region. It analyses how each country has recalibrated its defence posture - through adjustments to military...

As part of a two-volume series, this report provides a critical analysis of NATO's north-eastern flank - Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia - as a vital bulwark against evolving Russian threats. It examines how the four countries have transitioned from post-Soviet vulnerabilities into pivotal...

Fifteen case studies in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, EU Atlantic Western Waters and some outermost regions (focusing on the Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands) were selected to gather insights into potential spillover effects of different types of marine protected areas (MPAs). The majority of the...

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely recognized as an important tool for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. Despite empirical evidence that abundance and biomass of fished species increase within MPA boundaries, the potential for MPAs to provide fisheries benefits to...

Coherent Resilience 2023 - Baltic (CORE 23-B) was a Tabletop Exercise on the energy system of the Baltic States with a focus on maritime critical energy infrastructure protection against hybrid threats. The Tabletop Exercise took place on 13-17 November 2023 in Riga, Latvia. The aim of the...

Coherent Resilience 2023 - Baltic (CORE 23-B) was a Tabletop Exercise on the energy system of the Baltic States with a focus on maritime critical energy infrastructure protection against hybrid threats. The Tabletop Exercise took place on 13-17 November 2023 in Riga, Latvia. The aim of the...

Following the advice of the 2014 evaluation of the Thünen Institute by the German Science and Humanities Council, the Thünen Institute has started to encourage its working groups to be evaluated by external experts as part of its quality management. The Marine Recreational Fisheries Working...

Kaliningrad Oblast was created as a war trophy and a symbol of Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in 1945/1946. For nearly seven decades, it played a strictly military role in Soviet and Russian foreign policy, mostly limited to its Baltic Sea surroundings. This changed when Vladimir Putin came...