Background: Traditional procurement and price negotiation methods in public hospitals in Thailand involve group purchasing agreements and bulk orders, posing challenges to improving inventory management efficiency. The vendor-managed inventory (VMI) model is a promising alternative for enhancing...

The study sought to determine the role of vendor-managed inventory and form postponement in mitigating against the bullwhip effect in the bakery industry. The bullwhip effect is referred to as demand distortions along the upstream supply chain that is caused by variances between supply and...