This article investigates economic and operational effects of introducing autonomous vessels to liner shipping networks. By the formulation of optimization models, we analyze how fleet configurations with vessels of different capacity affect the cost and service level of liner shipping networks...

As intra-Asian trades grow, businesses in the intra-Asian shipping market have expanded. Subsequently, many shipping liners, which have struggled since 2008, have made inroads into Asia as a new market. Although the intra-Asian trade volume has increased, shipping liners in intra-Asia experience...