In the last five years, the European Union managed to find its way through a series of major shocks, including the pandemic and the 2022 surge in energy prices. The response was in many ways remarkable, including unprecedented EU borrowing to fund the NextGenerationEU economic recovery programme...

We computationally reproduce the central findings in Mehmood (2022), which studied the effect of a 2010 reform in Pakistan replacing the presidential appointment of high-court judges with peer appointments. Mehmood leveraged judicial records interpreted and coded by lawyers in Pakistan at the...

In den vergangenen Jahren haben Bund, Länder und Kommunen ihren Personalbestand deutlich ausgeweitet. Dennoch wird vielerorts über einen Mangel an Personal geklagt, unter anderem weil zunehmende Regulierung zu Belastungen für das öffentliche Personal führt. Aufgrund des einsetzenden...