exchange rate to one of the politically most important exchange rates, the exchange rate of the US dollar vis-à-vis the euro … (the DM). We use monthly data from 1975:01 to 2007:12. Applying a novel time-varying coefficient estimation approach, we …

euro. At the end of our estimation period, the previous exchange rate movements had shifted the upper bound of the play … area to about 1.55 US dollar per euro. In our interpretation, this is the current "pain threshold", where a strong spurt … reaction of exports to a further appreciation of the euro is expected to start. -- Exchange rate movements ; play hysteresis …

alternativen Kointegrationstestverfahrens die Ergebnisse nicht. -- Finanzkrise ; Geldmenge ; Immobilienpreise ; Liquidität …

In this paper we present an empirically stable euro area money demand model. Using a sample period until 2009:2 shows … stability of the euro area money demand function. We also compare single equation methods like the ARDL approach, FM-OLS, CCR … applied for this purpose in previous studies. -- ARDL model ; cointegration ; euro area ; financial crisis ; money demand …

technically out of reach within the euro area. -- Exit strategies ; international policy coordination and transmission ; open …

losses. Thirdly, the ECB can draw on substantial reserves of the euro area national banks. -- Central bank independence …