This paper examines whether the Big Three credit rating agencies actually played as active a role in the Euro Crisis as …

This paper studies the impact of credit rating agency (CRA) announcements on the value of the Euro and the yields of …-2012. The employed GARCH models show that CRA downgrade announcements negatively affected the value of the Euro currency and …

In this paper we present an empirically stable euro area money demand model. Using a sample period until 2009:2 shows … stability of the euro area money demand function. We also compare single equation methods like the ARDL approach, FM-OLS, CCR … applied for this purpose in previous studies. -- ARDL model ; cointegration ; euro area ; financial crisis ; money demand …

The paper analyses the empirical relationship between bank risk and sovereign credit risk in the euro area. Using … and banks. Finally, we find spillover effects in particular from sovereigns in the euro area periphery to the core …

subgroups including Euro area countries, the UK and the US respectively, provides evidence of a global convergence …

losses. Thirdly, the ECB can draw on substantial reserves of the euro area national banks. -- Central bank independence …