We study how the financial conditions in the Center Economies [the U.S., Japan, and the Euro area] impact other … euro) makes the response of a financial variable such as the REER and exchange market pressure in the PHs more sensitive to … a change in key variables in the U.S. (or the euro area) such as policy interest rates and the REER. While having more …

We study how the financial conditions in the Center Economies [the U.S., Japan, and the Euro area] impact other … euro) makes the response of a financial variable such as the REER and exchange market pressure in the PHs more sensitive to … a change in key variables in the U.S. (or the euro area) such as policy interest rates and the REER. While having more …

Financial Crisis (GFC). Applying the annual data of 58 countries, we confirm that countries that trade more with the US, euro … zone, UK, and Japan, and issue more debt denominated in the big four currencies (US dollar, euro, pound, yen) hoard more IR … economic factors. We also find that TARGET2 balances matter for the currency composition in the euro zone; commodity …

Financial Crisis (GFC). Applying the annual data of 58 countries, we confirm that countries that trade more with the US, euro … zone, UK, and Japan, and issue more debt denominated in the big four currencies (US dollar, euro, pound, yen) hoard more IR … economic factors. We also find that TARGET2 balances matter for the currency composition in the euro zone; commodity …

of the euro. The distortions facing the euro include structural challenges in the labor and product markets, and …, once the euro gains greater financial stability …