We study how upgrading the skills of the personnel affects a firms performance. Two different strategies are examined : 1) providing formal training and 2) strategic recruitment and separation policy. The use of register-based longitudinal employer-employee data supplemented with a survey on...

Unequal division of labor within families is often mentioned as one of the main factors behind the gender wage gap. However, the research that explicitly focuses on the mechanisms through which the family type affects womens wages is relatively small. The purpose of this paper is to describe the...

The impact of parental leave on women`s carees and earnings - A literature review The role of various child care leaves in the family gap in pay remains unclear. This survey on international literature sheds light on the impact of career interruptions due to the care of newborns on womens career...

This descriptive paper analyses structural characteristics of Finnish university departments (FIDs) and benchmarks them against foreign university departments from Scandinavia, the UK and the US (FODs). In the first place the study aims to reveal information on differences in department size. In...