consider the effects of sourcing, RJVs, and the firm's internal research on innovation, as defined by patents and new products …. Our results are that sourcing has little effect on innovation, but that RJVs and internal research increase innovation …. This suggests specialization: cost saving is the primary motivation for sourcing, while innovation is the primary …

employees to pursue value-enhancing innovative activities. Using patents and citations as proxies for innovation, we identify … that within a country, innovation and economic growth are fostered by stringent laws governing dismissal of employees …, especially in the more innovation-intensive sectors. Firm-level tests within the United States that exploit a discontinuity …

products to China. We find causal evidence that offshoring impacts both the level and nature of innovation. In the technologies … directly related to product categories that could be offshored more easily after the policy shock, overall innovation levels … decline and innovative effort shifts away from product innovation and towards process innovation. However, we also find …

discuss the implications of the risks we analyze for the total volume of medical innovation and for its organization across …

Scientific knowledge is believed to be the wellspring of innovation. Historically, firms have also invested in research … to fuel innovation and growth. In this paper, we document a shift away from scientific research by large corporations … knowledge (as measured by patents) has remained stable. These effects appear to be associated with globalization and narrower …

The paper explores the role of institutional mechanisms in generating technological knowledge spillovers. The … and unpatented innovations, whereas prizes are less effective in generating external benefits from knowledge spillovers. I …

This chapter reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the … conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then describe how these factors are frequently measured in the data …, industrial diversity) that theoretical and empirical work link to innovation, and we discuss factors that help sustain these …

innovative performance measured as turnover due to innovation, but not between patenting and subsequent employment growth. The …