products to China. We find causal evidence that offshoring impacts both the level and nature of innovation. In the technologies … directly related to product categories that could be offshored more easily after the policy shock, overall innovation levels … decline and innovative effort shifts away from product innovation and towards process innovation. However, we also find …

which Northern innovation, Southern imitation, and FDI are all endogenous. Our model predicts that IPR reform in the South …, Northern resources will be reallocated to R&D, driving an increase in the global rate of innovation. We test the model …

? Does this trend indicate that stronger knowledge spillovers from academia have helped power the surge in innovative … emphasis on the use of the knowledge generated by university-based scientists in later years. However, the concentration of … patent-to-paper citation activity within what we call the "bio nexus" suggests that much of the contribution of knowledge …

opportunity and in encouraging trade in new technological knowledge. Through setting low fees and establishing administrative … cost of transacting in them. Creating secure assets in new technological knowledge and facilitating access to markets in …

traditional Western R&D hubs, resulting in two challenges for multinationals: (1) how to transfer knowledge across geographic … distances, and (2) how to facilitate learning when local knowledge sources in given technological areas are inadequate. This … teams - and in particular on teams in locations with insufficiently specialized local knowledge stocks - to facilitate …

Debates have long centered around the relative merits of prizes and other incentives for technological innovation. Some … proof of the efficacy of innovation prizes. The Society initially was averse to patents and prohibited the award of prizes … technological innovation and long-term economic development …