externalities and their impact on regional innovation. We examine MSA-level patent data during the period 1975-2000 and find that … innovation output is higher in regions where large and small firms coexist. The finding is robust to across-region as well as …

We study the interplay between transportation infrastructure, knowledge flows, and innovation. Exploiting historical … variation, we estimate the effect of U.S. interstate highways on regional innovation. We find that a 10% increase in a region … flow of local knowledge and allow innovators to access more distant knowledge inputs. This finding suggests that …

Patents are a useful but imperfect reward for innovation. In sectors like pharmaceuticals, where monopoly distortions … lower prices. Innovation prizes and other non-patent rewards are becoming more prevalent in government's innovation policy … therefore can generate the right innovation incentives. …

The US innovation system has many strengths, including world class research universities and firms that thrive in … innovation-intensive sectors. However, fissures have begun to appear, notably in the areas of human capital development, the … curtailed by budget cuts. Revitalizing the dynamism of innovation has become a priority for US policymakers. To this end, it is …

Strengthening the innovation system in the Netherlands is a priority for raising productivity growth, which has been … relatively weak in recent years. Knowledge creation in the Netherlands is strong -- scientific publications per capita are the … sixth highest in the OECD -- but innovation activity is only around the average for OECD countries according to the EIS …