When the 1987 general elections brought a durable government to Portugal, the national environment was still …

public research investment thereby fostering regional economic development. That is because knowledge-based goods and … services are highly valuated by consumers and the TIF can increase the rate of innovation in the economy as a whole. Thus, the …&D projects are sponsored by public authorities as an effort to link universities to industrial innovation. This investigation …

two "integration episodes", the development of an economic union between Portugal and its African colonies and the … establishment of democratic socialism since then. The paper contrasts the recent economic experience of Portugal with its neighbour … Spain. The view that EC membership is desirable because it ensures Portugal against dictatorship is also examined and …