knowledge. Three long-term outcomes emerge. First, a "Secularization" or "Western-European" regime with declining religiosity …, unimpeded science, a passive Church and high levels of taxes and transfers. Second, a "Theocratic" regime with knowledge …

individual level, examining the relationship between religiosity and a broad set of pro- or anti-innovation attitudes in all five … waves of the World Values Survey (1980 to 2005). We thus relate eleven indicators of individual openness to innovation … innovation. …

We study the interplay between transportation infrastructure, knowledge flows, and innovation. Exploiting historical … variation, we estimate the effect of U.S. interstate highways on regional innovation. We find that a 10% increase in a region … flow of local knowledge and allow innovators to access more distant knowledge inputs. This finding suggests that …

Patents are a useful but imperfect reward for innovation. In sectors like pharmaceuticals, where monopoly distortions … lower prices. Innovation prizes and other non-patent rewards are becoming more prevalent in government's innovation policy … therefore can generate the right innovation incentives. …

externalities and their impact on regional innovation. We examine MSA-level patent data during the period 1975-2000 and find that … innovation output is higher in regions where large and small firms coexist. The finding is robust to across-region as well as …