dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both .carbon taxes. and research subsidies, so that excessive … the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire when the two inputs are substitutes. Under reasonable parameter values …

endogenous share opts for innovation and faces credit constraints in the subsequent expansion phase. We emphasize four results …: (i) R&D subsidies not only encourage innovation but also relax finance constraints and help innovative firms to exploit … investment of constrained firms by reducing free cash-flow and thereby discourage innovation. (iii) A revenue neutral increase in …

regard to the capital gains tax, innovation subsidy, public R&D spending and other policy initiatives. …

“cutthroat”capitalism that generates greater inequality and more innovation and will become the technology leaders, while others …

innovation activities. The selection of high-skill managers is more important for innovation activities. As the economy … investments, but little selection. Closer to the world technology frontier, there is a switch to an innovation-based strategy with …

environmental regulations can spur more rapid innovation. I present a general framework for the analysis of these questions. I …