endogenous share opts for innovation and faces credit constraints in the subsequent expansion phase. We emphasize four results …: (i) R&D subsidies not only encourage innovation but also relax finance constraints and help innovative firms to exploit … investment of constrained firms by reducing free cash-flow and thereby discourage innovation. (iii) A revenue neutral increase in …

regard to the capital gains tax, innovation subsidy, public R&D spending and other policy initiatives. …

This paper examines the relationship between innovation and firms' dependence on external capital by analyzing the … innovation activities of privately-held and publicly-traded firms We find that public firms in external finance dependent … in internal finance dependent industries do not have a significantly better innovation profile than matched private firms …