special-need students, groups that charter critics have argued are typically under-served. The results show overall gains of 0 ….35 standard deviations in math and 0.12 standard deviations in reading for each year spent at KIPP Lynn. LEP students, special … education students, and those with low baseline scores benefit more from time spent at KIPP than do other students, with reading …

students from 1999 to 2006, we document and exploit variation by district over time in the math course-taking environment … encountered by students. Within an instrumental variables setup, we examine effects of the policy change on students grouped into … deciles defined by their 8th grade math test scores. First, we find that students took more math courses in high school …