. Among students enrolled in the poorest third of schools, the effect is 7.3 percentage points. Smaller classes increase the … likelihood of earning a college degree by 1.6 percentage points and shift students towards high-earning fields such as STEM …

indicate strong selectivity of test-takers in "ACT states," where most college-bound students take the ACT, and much less …

as the difference in enrollment share black among students and teachers in a district. There were increases in the share …

social safety net for children since 1990 have gone to families with earnings, and to families with income above the poverty …In this paper, we examine what groups of children are served by core childhood social-safety net programs … find that access to safety net programs during childhood leads to benefits for children and society over the long run. This …