This paper examines the impact of potential fetal malnutrition on the academic proficiency of Muslim students in … pregnant. In some of our specifications, we use a sample of students from predominantly non-Muslim countries as an additional … achievement scores of Muslim students, especially females. Our analysis further reveals that most of these effects are …

disadvantaged parents from welfare to work. Although previous empirical studies consistently show that these employment … estimates suggest that children receiving subsidized care in the year before kindergarten score lower on tests of cognitive … time children reach the end of third grade. Our results point to an unintended consequence of a child care subsidy regime …

the impact of subsidy receipt on low-income children's weight outcomes in the fall and spring of kindergarten. The goals …. However, little is known about the influence of these policies on children's health and well-being. In this paper, we study … subsidy receipt has heterogeneous effects on children's weight at different points in the BMI distribution. Results suggest …

parents to purchase high-quality child care. Consequently, there are reasons to be concerned about the implications of child … that subsidized children are more likely to receive intense exposure to low-quality child care …

the short and long term for parents, children, and society at large. This paper examines the causal link between teen age …

We find that maltreatment approximately doubles the probability of engaging in many types of crime. Low SES children …

care subsidies are associated with worse maternal health and poorer interactions between parents and their children. In …, depression, and parenting stress. Such mothers also reveal more psychological and physical aggression toward their children and …

adolescent family structure and delinquent behavior is not accounted for by the income differentials associated with fathers …

to sizeable increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among low-income children … receiving a child care subsidy among disadvantaged mothers with young children. In particular, we collect data on the location … care subsidies on children's weight outcomes. Our instrumental variables estimates suggest that subsidized child care leads …