students' lifetime income by more than $250,000 for the average class- room in our sample. We conclude that good teachers …Are teachers' impacts on students' test scores ("value-added") a good measure of their quality? This question has …' impacts on student achievement and (2) whether high-VA teachers improve students' long-term outcomes. We address these two …

environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

-experimental design based on changes in teaching staff. Using school district and tax records for more than one million children, we find …

students. However, very little empirical work has to date been completed on this topic. This paper provides the first empirical … every third, fourth, and fifth grader in a large school district over four years, we match students' test score gains and … substantial evidence that higher grading standards benefit students. We find that these effects are not uniform: High …

better than third generation immigrants. Among first generation immigrants, the earlier the arrival, the better the students … tend to perform. These patterns of findings hold for both Asian and Hispanic students, and suggest a general pattern of …

improve students' long-term outcomes. Using school district and tax records for more than one million children, we find that … the present value of students' lifetime income by approximately $250,000 per classroom …Are teachers' impacts on students' test scores ("value-added") a good measure of their quality? This question has …

employ data from the universe of children born in Florida between 1994 and 2002 and in Denmark between 1990 and 2001, which …

(c) characterize which types of areas produce better outcomes. For children growing up in low-income families, each year …We estimate the causal effect of each county in the U.S. on children's incomes in adulthood. We first estimate a fixed … effects model that is identified by analyzing families who move across counties with children of different ages. We then use …

We show that the neighborhoods in which children grow up shape their earnings, college attendance rates, and fertility ….S. Exploiting variation in the age of children when families move, we find that neighborhoods have significant childhood exposure … effects: the outcomes of children whose families move to a better neighborhood - as measured by the outcomes of children …