environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

students. However, very little empirical work has to date been completed on this topic. This paper provides the first empirical … every third, fourth, and fifth grader in a large school district over four years, we match students' test score gains and … substantial evidence that higher grading standards benefit students. We find that these effects are not uniform: High …

better than third generation immigrants. Among first generation immigrants, the earlier the arrival, the better the students … tend to perform. These patterns of findings hold for both Asian and Hispanic students, and suggest a general pattern of …

There is widespread and longstanding agreement that life expectancy and income are positively correlated. However, it … has proven much more difficult to establish a causal relationship since income and health are jointly determined. We use a … major change in the Social Security law as exogenous variation in income to examine the impact of income on mortality in an …

systematically across age cohorts and income groups, and demonstrate that the instrument is correlated with other intertemporal …

employ data from the universe of children born in Florida between 1994 and 2002 and in Denmark between 1990 and 2001, which …