environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

students. However, very little empirical work has to date been completed on this topic. This paper provides the first empirical … every third, fourth, and fifth grader in a large school district over four years, we match students' test score gains and … substantial evidence that higher grading standards benefit students. We find that these effects are not uniform: High …

teenager and the willingness of parents to continue to house and support their daughters given their decisions. Drawing on the … work of Milgrom and Roberts (1982) and Kreps and Wilson (1982) on reputation in repeated games, we show that parents have …

better than third generation immigrants. Among first generation immigrants, the earlier the arrival, the better the students … tend to perform. These patterns of findings hold for both Asian and Hispanic students, and suggest a general pattern of …

The choice of a college major plays a critical role in determining the future earnings of college graduates. Students … survey students about what their expected earnings would be both in the major they have chosen and in counterfactual majors …. We also elicit students' subjective assessments of their abilities in chosen and counterfactual majors. We estimate a …

employ data from the universe of children born in Florida between 1994 and 2002 and in Denmark between 1990 and 2001, which …