environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

ability distribution drive the impact of peer quality on students‟ achievements. To do so, we use census data for four cohorts … of pupils taking their age-14 national tests, and measure students‟ ability by their prior achievements at age-11. We …

students. However, very little empirical work has to date been completed on this topic. This paper provides the first empirical … every third, fourth, and fifth grader in a large school district over four years, we match students' test score gains and … substantial evidence that higher grading standards benefit students. We find that these effects are not uniform: High …

better than third generation immigrants. Among first generation immigrants, the earlier the arrival, the better the students … tend to perform. These patterns of findings hold for both Asian and Hispanic students, and suggest a general pattern of …

students, and children from higher socio-economic backgrounds. The results suggest that random disturbances during high … Israeli high school students who took a series of high stakes matriculation exams between 2000 and 2002. As a source of random …

rule that uses data on students' birthdays to compute statutory enrollment in the absence of enrollment manipulation also …

employ data from the universe of children born in Florida between 1994 and 2002 and in Denmark between 1990 and 2001, which …