environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

schools, students, and their families with our own survey conducted in 2000 regarding the use of teacher incentives. This …

This paper is the first to explore the effects of school accountability systems on high-achieving students' long … basic skills apparently led to generally reduced performance by high-achieving students, while an accountability system … other technical subjects. Both types of systems are associated with increased "cramming" by students in college. The results …

students. However, very little empirical work has to date been completed on this topic. This paper provides the first empirical … every third, fourth, and fifth grader in a large school district over four years, we match students' test score gains and … substantial evidence that higher grading standards benefit students. We find that these effects are not uniform: High …

better than third generation immigrants. Among first generation immigrants, the earlier the arrival, the better the students … tend to perform. These patterns of findings hold for both Asian and Hispanic students, and suggest a general pattern of …

eligible low-income students to attend private schools. Specifically, we examine whether students in schools that were exposed …We study the effects of private school competition on public school students' test scores in the wake of Florida … the scholarship program, than did students in schools that faced less competition. The degree of competition is …

employ data from the universe of children born in Florida between 1994 and 2002 and in Denmark between 1990 and 2001, which …